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Effects of Smoking on Oral Health : Preliminary Evaluation for a Long-Term Study of a Group with Good Oral Hygiene

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ÀÌÇö¼®, ±è¹ÌÀº,
¼Ò¼Ó »ó¼¼Á¤º¸
ÀÌÇö¼® ( Lee Hyun-Suk ) - ´Ü±¹´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
±è¹ÌÀº ( Kim Mee-Eun ) - ´Ü±¹´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

Èí¿¬Àº Àü½Å°Ç°­ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±¸°­°Ç°­¿¡µµ À¯ÇØÇÏ¿© ±¸°­¾Ï°ú Ä¡ÁÖ¿°ÀÇ ¹ß»ý, â»óÄ¡À¯ Áö¿¬, Ä¡¾Æ»ó½Ç µî°ú °ü·Ã¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì Èí¿¬°ú ±¸°­°Ç°­ÀÇ °ü·Ã¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±¸°­°Ç°­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àνĵµ³ª À§»ý°ü¸® µî Èí¿¬ ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ±¸°­°Ç°­¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Ÿ¾× ºÐºñ³ª ±¸Ãëó·³ Èí¿¬°úÀÇ °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ È®½ÇÈ÷ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÎºÐµµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±¸°­À§»ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎ½Ä ¼öÁØÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ô°í ÃßÀûÁ¶»ç°¡ ¿ëÀÌÇÑ Ä¡°ú´ëÇлýÀ̶ó´Â Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ Èí¿¬ÀÚ¿Í ºñÈí¿¬ÀÚÀÇ ±¸°­°Ç°­À» »óŸ¦ Àå±âÀû, Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù¸é Èí¿¬ÀÌ ±¸°­°Ç°­¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» º¸´Ù ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â Àå±âÀû ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ Ä¡°ú´ëÇлý Áß Èí¿¬ÀÚµéÀÇ Èí¿¬ Ư¼ºÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ°í, Èí¿¬ÀÚµé°ú ºñÈí¿¬ÀÚµéÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ±¸°­°Ç°­»óŸ¦ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© º¸°íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 2010³â 4¿ù 21ÀϺÎÅÍ 2011³â 4¿ù 20ÀϱîÁö ´Ü±¹´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡ÀÇÇаú¿¡ ÀçÇÐ ÁßÀÎ 1ÇгâºÎÅÍ 4Çгâ±îÁöÀÇ ³²Çлý 224¸í Áß Áö¿øÀÚ 192¸í(85.7%)À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ¼³¹®Áö Á¶»ç¿Í ÀÓ»ó°Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼³¹®ÁöÁ¶»ç¿¡´Â Èí¿¬ ¾çÅÂ, À½ÁÖ, ´ÏÄÚƾÀÇÁ¸µµ, ±¸°­À§»ý°ü¸®, °£À̽ɸ®°Ë»ç°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾú°í ÀÓ»ó°Ë»ç¿¡´Â Ä¡¾Æ ¹× Ä¡ÁÖ »óÅÂ, ´ÏÄÚƾ Âø»ö, Ÿ¾×ºÐºñ·®, Àü±â ¹Ì°¢¿ªÄ¡, ±¸Ãë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡°¡ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, Èí¿¬ÀÚ±ºÀº ±Ý¿¬ÀÚ±º, ºñÈí¿¬ÀÚ±º¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿¬·ÉÀÌ ¾à°£ ³ô°í, À½ÁÖ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¾ËÄڿü·Ãë·®µµ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù(p<0.05). ¼¼ ±ºÀº Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ², ±¸Ãë, Àü±â¹Ì°¢¿ªÄ¡ µîÀÇ ÀÓ»óÁ¶»ç¿¡¼­´Â À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ¾çÄ¡Áú Ƚ¼ö³ª Ä¡°ú¹æ¹® Ƚ¼ö¿¡ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾øÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿ì½Ä°æÇ迵±¸Ä¡À²(DMFT rate), Ä¡ÁÖ°¡·áÇÊ¿ä Á¤µµ ¹× ´ÏÄÚƾ Âø»ö Á¤µµ¿¡ À־ Èí¿¬ÀÚ±º°ú ºñÈí¿¬ÀÚ±º »çÀÌ¿¡´Â Â÷ÀÌ°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù(p<0.05). º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÇÇ°ËÀÚµéÀÌ Æò±Õ 25¼¼·Î¼­ Èí¿¬ÀÚ±ºÀ̶ó Çصµ Èí¿¬±â°£ÀÌ ±æÁö ¾Ê°í Èí¿¬·®À̳ª ´ÏÄÚƾÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Ä¡ÁÖÁ¶Á÷¿¡´Â ÀÌ¹Ì À¯ÇØÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÆǴܵȴÙ. ±âÃÊ ÀÚ·á ºÐ¼®ÀÌÁö¸¸ Èí¿¬Àº Ä¡ÁÖÁ¶Á÷¿¡ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¹Ç·Î ±Ý¿¬ Ä¡·á¸¦ Á¶±â¿¡ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor of systemic health and also impairs oral health, which is related to development of oral cancers, periodontitis, delayed wound healing, tooth loss, failure of implant, etc. Aside from smoking, many other risk factors can be related to oral health and long-term effects of smoking on salivary flow and taste threshold are still in controversy. Authors considered dental students to be an appropriate group with good oral hygiene for a long-term study to reveal effects of smoking on oral health. This study was performed to compare smoking patterns and current oral health conditions between smokers and nonsmokers in dental students prior to long-term evaluation.
192 volunteers (85.7%) of 224 male dental students in Dankook University were evaluated through questionnaires and clinical examination in 2010. Questionnaires included smoking pattern, alcohol use, nicotine dependence, preventive care, psychological profile and clinical examinations comprised assessment of teeth or periodontal status, nicotine pigmentation, salivary flow, electrical taste thresholds and halitosis. From the study, (current) smokers were older, and drank more frequently with more alcohol intake compared to former smokers and nonsmokers(p<0.05). There was no significant difference among them in salivary flow rate, halitosis and electrical taste threshold. However, there was significant difference in DMFT rate, periodontal treatment need, nicotinic pigmentation between smokers and nonsmokers(p<0.05), irrespective of their levels of preventive care. The smokers in this study, who are young dental students with relatively shorter duration of smoking, less use of cigarettes and low level of nicotine dependence, did not reveal significant impairment of oral health. However, their oral health was found to be relatively impaired compared to nonsmokers¡¯, which suggests negative effect of smoking on the oral health and a need of smoking cessation.

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Dental student; Oral health; Oral hygiene; Smoking; Tobacco

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